• A secure and consistent supply of critical minerals is fundamental to the energy transition and to achieving net zero, but demand is putting pressure on supply chains and costs, and risks polarising sentiment around the energy transition.
• Supply concentration in countries such as China and Indonesia is a key concern in understanding how the price dynamics and responsible attributes of mining will develop, with tariff tensions rising between countries.
• The race for critical minerals presents both opportunities and risk for investors, with the sector at a crossroads: will we see transparent and responsibly sourced supply chains adhering to rigorous ESG criteria, or a fixation on securing critical mineral supplies at any cost?

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